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Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335); bernacchii: Species name bernacchii honors Louis Bernarcchi, an Australian physicist-meteorologist; specimen collected on the Southern Cross Expedition and served on Scott's 1901 expedition (Ref. 45168).
Eponymy: Louis Charles ‘Bunny’ Bernacchi (1876–1942) was a physicist and astronomer who took part in several expeditions to Antarctica. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.
Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 0 - 700 m (Ref. 11892), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 45168). Polar; 61°S - 78°S
Southern Ocean: Peter Island, South Shetland, Elephant and South Orkney islands. Mac-Robertson, Queen Mary, Adelie Coasts, Weddell, Davis and Ross seas. East Antarctica from Queen Maud Land to Terre Adelie.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5179); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2121); العمر: 10 سنين (Ref. 5179)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 4 - 6; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 34 - 39; أشعه شرجية لينه: 31 - 35. Body brownish, large dark spots in two or three series on body. Spinous dorsal blackish in upper part (Ref. 11892).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in seafloors, well adapted to extremely low and stable temperatures (-1.86°C), annual mean temperature of McMurdo Sound) (Ref. 45168). Feed on polychaetes, gastropods, isopods, amphipods and few algae. Spawn once a year (Ref. 1071). Utilized for human consumption.
Although members of this Family are known to tend to egg masses, it is assumed that because of the high fecundity, this species is a non-guarder (RF), to be corrected if direct information becomes available.
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): -1.8 - -0.8, mean -1.7 °C (based on 2076 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00279 - 0.01033), b=3.24 (3.08 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 (2.0 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.19-0.91; tm=3-6; tmax=10; Fec=1,200-3,123).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.4 [18.6, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.206, 0.860] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.3, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.228, 0.727] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [6.7, 32.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.5, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.515 [0.356, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
