Gadus morhua, Atlantic cod : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

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  Gadidae
- - Classification -
- Gadidae
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Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758

Atlantic cod

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Native range

This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

Gadus morhua AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

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Gadus morhua
Picture by Morris, P.

Classification / Names Tên thường gặp | Các synonym ( Các tên trùng) | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Gadus: Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học

Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ Sống nổi và đáy; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 0 - 600 m (Ref. 1371), usually 150 - 200 m (Ref. 54441). Temperate; 0°C - 15°C; 83°N - 35°N, 76°W - 86°E (Ref. 1371)

Sự phân bố Các nước | Các khu vực của FAO | Các hệ sinh thái | Những lần xuất hiện | Point map | Những chỉ dẫn | Faunafri

North Atlantic and Arctic: Ungava Bay in Canada along the North American coast to Cape Hatteras; North Carolina in the western Atlantic. East and west coast of Greenland; around Iceland; from Barents Sea including the region around Bear Island along the European coast to Bay of Biscay (Ref. 88171).

Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age

Maturity: L_m 65.4, range 31 - 74 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 1371); common length : 100.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 1371); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 96.0 kg (Ref. 9988); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 25 các năm (Ref. 173)

Short description Khóa để định loại | Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học

Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 44 - 55; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 33 - 45; Động vật có xương sống: 51 - 55. Protruding upper jaw, a conspicuous barbel on the lower jaw, and light lateral line, curved above the pectoral fins. Predorsal distance is less than one third of total length; body depth about 1/5 of total length. Color varies from brownish to greenish or gray dorsally and on upper sides, becoming pale and silvery ventrally. Peritoneum silvery.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Widely distributed in a variety of habitats, from the shoreline down to the continental shelf. Juveniles prefer shallow (less than 10-30 m depth) sublittoral waters with complex habitats, such as seagrass beds, areas with gravel, rocks, or boulder, which provide protection from predators (Refs. 89383, 89384). Adults are usually found in deeper, colder waters. During the day, form schools and swim about 30-80 m above the bottom, dispersing at night to feed (Ref. 1371, 89385). Omnivorous; feed at dawn or dusk on invertebrates and fish, including young cod. (Ref. 1371). Migrate between spawning, feeding and overwintering areas, mostly within the boundaries of the respective stocks. Migrations >200 km are rare occurrences (Refs. 89386, 89387). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng

Spawning occurs in winter and beginning of spring, where big schools are formed. Spawning sites are in offshore waters, at or near the bottom, in 50-200 m depth and 0-12 °C (preferred range 0-6°C) (Refs. 1371, 89387). May form spawning aggregations in the water column when bottom temperatures are unsuitable (Ref. 1371). Different spawning areas may be used in subsequent years (Ref. 89387). Embryo development lasts about 14 days (at 6°C) and larval phase lasts about 3 months(at 8°C). Fecundity ranges from 2.5 million eggs in a 5 kg female to a record of 9 million eggs in a 34 kg female. Reported number of batches spawned in an experiment is 8 - 22 (Ref. 5513). Sex ratio is nearly 50%, with slight predominance of females. Classified as a determinate multiple spawner (Ref. 40290). Older and larger cod had been found to produce larger eggs with neutral buoyancy at lower salinities. This can be crucial to egg and larval survival (Refs. 31930, 38384). Larvae are pelagic up to 2.5 months before settling on the bottom (Ref. 1371). In the Baltic, spawning cumulates in March at depths below 20 m near the bottom. The nursery areas are in the inner coastal zone. Recruitment to the fished stock starts below 2 years and peaks at about 3 years of age (Ref. 5947).

Main reference Upload your references | Các tài liệu tham khảo | Người điều phối | Người cộng tác

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Vulnerable (VU) (A1bd); Date assessed: 01 August 1996

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Các nghề cá: tính thương mại cao; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng

FAO - Aquaculture systems: Sản xuất, species profile; Các nghề cá: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta

Thêm thông tin

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Thành phần thức ăn
Thành phần thức ăn
Food rations
Các động vật ăn mồi

Ecology
Sinh thái học

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Bổ xung
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Life cycle
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Chín muồi sinh dục
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Sự sinh sản
Đẻ trứng
Spawning aggregations
Các trứng
Egg development
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Distribution
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.5 - 10.3, mean 6.6 °C (based on 769 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00606 - 0.00755), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 7.7 (7.1 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 57 growth studies.

Thích nghi nhanh (Ref. 120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (rm=0.2-1.1; also (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 66 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 9.58 [5.33, 15.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.125 [0.070, 0.223] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.2, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.533 [0.234, 1.174] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [7.3, 33.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [2.4, 46.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.422 [0.309, 0.573] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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