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Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert, Haas & de Carvalho, 2015
Cowley's torpedo ray
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imej Google![Image of Tetronarce cowleyi (Cowley\](/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_TORPEDT0.gif "Image of Tetronarce cowleyi (Cowley\")
No image available for this species;
drawing shows typical species in Torpedinidae.
imej Google
drawing shows typical species in Torpedinidae.
klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: cowleyi: The species is named after Paul Cowley, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, in recognition of his contributions to the study of fishes in southern Africa (Ref. 100734).
Eponymy: Dr Paul D Cowley is principle scientist at the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (since 2000) and honorary professor and Research Associate at the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science at Rhodes University. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Etymology: cowleyi: The species is named after Paul Cowley, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, in recognition of his contributions to the study of fishes in southern Africa (Ref. 100734).
Eponymy: Dr Paul D Cowley is principle scientist at the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (since 2000) and honorary professor and Research Associate at the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science at Rhodes University. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 110 - 457 m (Ref. 100734). Temperate; 22°S - 37°S, 12°E - 28°E (Ref. 114953)
Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri
Southeast Atlantic: around southern Africa, from Walvis Bay, Namibia to Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa (Ref. 100734).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?, range 101 - ? cm
Max length : 68.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 100734); 113.3 cm TL (female)
Max length : 68.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 100734); 113.3 cm TL (female)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Diagnosis: This medium-sized torpedo ray species has a uniform shiny black to dark gray live dorsal color, and is distinguished from its most similar congeners Tetronarce nobiliana and T. puelcha by the following combination of characters: shorter spiracular length, 1.5-1.6% of total length vs. 2.6-2.8% in T. nobiliana and 2.4-3.1% in T. puelcha; a proportionally greater head length as measured between snout margin and fifth gill openings, 30.5-31.2% of total length vs. 24.7-25.8% in T. nobiliana and 26.8% in adult male T. puelcha; and a proportionally greater preoral snout length, 8.9-9.3% of total length vs. 7.4-7.6% in T. nobiliana and 6.5-8.4% in T. puelcha (Ref. 100734). It is further distinguished from T. nobiliana by its more circular anterior disc shape vs. relatively straight; fewer tooth rows, 32/28 vs. 38/38 in T. nobiliana from the North Sea and up to 53/52 in T. nobiliana from the Mediterranean; greater mouth width, 1.5-1.7 times as great as interorbital width vs. 0.5-0.6 times interorbital width; smaller distance between second dorsal and caudal fins, 3.5-4.9% vs. 6.6-6.8%; and greater clasper length in mature individuals, extending nearly to lower caudal fin origin vs. clasper extends only two-thirds the distance between second dorsal and caudal fins (Ref. 100734).
This species is mostly found along the outer continental shelf and upper slope near the bottom, but also well off it and at bottom depths of 110-457 m (Ref. 100734). Females mature by at least 100.5 cm total length and males at about 58.2 cm total length (Ref. 100734); born before 19 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Neonates reported to have been collected during pelagic plankton tows on the edge of the outer continental shelf southwest of Cape Town (Ref. 100734). The limited capture of this electric ray in bottom trawls is suspected to be not indicative of its abundance in the area, but rather by its ability to move well off the bottom while foraging for fish and other large prey; diet consists mainly of large bottom and pelagic bony fishes and small sharks (Ref. 100734).
Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
rujukan utama
Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | mitra
Ebert, D.A., D.L. Haas and M.R. De Carvalho, 2015. Tetronarce cowleyi, sp. nov., a new species of electric ray from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Zootaxa 3936(2):237-250. (Ref. 100734)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 April 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
informasi lanjut
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversion
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversion
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Pemijahan
Spawning aggregations
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Pemijahan
Spawning aggregations
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Anatomy
Area insang
Brain
Otolith
Area insang
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetika
Heterozygosity
Diturunkan
Genetika
Heterozygosity
Diturunkan
Human related
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Alat, peralatan
E-book | Penuntun lapangan | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00665 - 0.03288), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).