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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 10 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 50°S
Western Pacific: Japan to Western Australia, New Caledonia and northern New Zealand. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9002)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 8; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 9; गुदा कांटा: 1; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits coastal reefs and estuaries (Ref. 9002); in Indonesia mainly found on deep reefs adjacent to strong currents (Ref. 90102). Juveniles found in small schools; adults singly or in small aggregations (Ref. 9002, 48636). May also be solitary. It is rare in the East Indian region, and found only in cool areas of upwelling; but is common in subtropical latitudes (Ref. 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 18 - 28.7, mean 27.2 °C (based on 446 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00759 - 0.02087), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.9 [12.6, 57.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.268 [0.134, 0.621] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [14.8, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.07, 0.25] g/100g; Selenium = 55.7 [26.1, 153.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 164 [29, 748] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.573 [0.339, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight);
