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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 0 - 161 m (Ref. 54393). Tropical; 30°N - 32°S, 92°E - 132°W
Pacific Ocean: Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean to the Hawaiian, Line, Marquesan, and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa Islands.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 11.0, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 48636); 17.9 cm SL (female); common length : 20.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9947); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 453.00 g (Ref. 4887)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 8; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 9; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 1; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 7-10 + 28-33 (total 36-41). Body depth 3.1-3.65 in SL; head length (HL) 2.8-3.1 in SL; dorsal profile of snout straight to slightly concave, the length 1.65-1.95 in HL; barbels long, their length 1.0-1.3 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.75 in HL; last dorsal soft ray notably longer than penultimate ray, the latter contained 1.15-1.45 in length of the former; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes convex; pectoral-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.25-1.45 in HL. Body gray to red, the margins of the scales often yellow, with a broad black bar on caudal peduncle and one beneath anterior part of second dorsal fin, the area between bars paler than rest of body (sometimes white); a narrow dusky bar often present below interdorsal space, and one or two broad dark bars may be present anteriorly on side of body; head usually with a dark brown band from above upper lip through eye to upper end of gill opening; caudal fin yellowish to pink with narrow blue lengthwise bands; basal half of second dorsal fin of adults dusky anteriorly, black posteriorly, the outer half with narrow dark-edged blue and yellow bands; anal fin like outer part of second dorsal fin (Ref. 54393).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
This occasionally schooling species occurs over sand patches as well as rubble, consolidated limestone, or coral bottoms from reef flats and shallow lagoons (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds primarily on small crabs and shrimps during the day (Ref. 1602), also demersal fish eggs, mollusks, and foraminiferans (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 23.8 - 28.9, mean 27.3 °C (based on 584 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01047 - 0.01585), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=0.756; Fec = 7,929).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38 [18, 86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.353 [0.177, 0.770] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.5, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.141 [0.077, 0.262] g/100g; Selenium = 74.2 [34.5, 183.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 136 [27, 622] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.31, 1.01] mg/100g (wet weight);
