Classification / Names
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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 12 - 350 m (Ref. 37816), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 35°N - 33°S
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to the Caroline Islands and Fiji.
आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 11441); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9947); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 877.00 g (Ref. 125599); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 6 वर्षो (Ref. 86367)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 8; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 9; गुदा कांटा: 1; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 6-7 + 29-23 (total 26-30). Body depth 2.95-3.55 in SL; head length (HL) 2.9-3.25 in SL; snout length 1.75-2.1 in HL; barbel length 1.15-1.35 in HL; posterior end of maxilla evenly convex; longest dorsal spine 1.45-1.75 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray 1.05-1.25 in length of last dorsal ray; pectoral-fin length 1.25-1.4 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.4-1.6 in HL. Body brownish yellow to light red (deeper-dwelling fish more red), the edges of the scales darker, shading to silvery white ventrally; adults with a small reddish brown spot on upper side of body just below seventh and eighth lateral-line scales; an indistinct narrow yellow stripe often visible above the lateral line (more evident in juveniles and subadults); dorsal body scales often with a pale blue or pearly spot; faint iridescent blue lines extending dorsoposteriorly and ventroanteriorly from eye, and often a parallel one on the cheek below eye; second dorsal and anal fins with faint pale blue or pink narrow bands alternating with pale yellow. Although Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola (1984: 213) reported that this species (as Parupeneus pleurospilus) has a dark brown peritoneum, the Bishop Museum specimens have a pale peritoneum (Ref. 54393).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Occurs singly or in small groups, over muddy, sandy, rubble, or seagrass bottoms of lagoon and seaward reefs, usually below 20 m. Flesh is fairly good for human consumption (Ref. 6023, 41878).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 23.2 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 183 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00970 - 0.01423), b=3.09 (3.06 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.21-0.9; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.4 [12.8, 61.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.267 [0.130, 0.615] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.152 [0.081, 0.300] g/100g; Selenium = 68.3 [29.2, 207.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 216 [38, 1,010] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.631 [0.361, 1.196] mg/100g (wet weight);
