Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 20 - 230 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 37°N - 6°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA (Ref. 7251) to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 36453).
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5217)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 78 - 87; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 59 - 67.
Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5217).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.3 - 27.1, mean 24.1 °C (based on 129 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00384 - 0.01800), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [12.3, 102.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.241, 1.108] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.070, 0.301] g/100g; Selenium = 21.8 [9.8, 50.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.9 [6.3, 143.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.586 [0.355, 0.927] mg/100g (wet weight);