分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Menticirrhus: Latin, mentum = beard, chin + Latin, cirrus = curly.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and the continental coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande del Sur, Brazil.
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與墨西哥灣到 Rio Grande del Sur 巴西的大陸沿岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 23.0, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 48.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
Grayish brown above, shading to silvery below, no prominent bars. Lower jaw has single, stout, peg-like barbel with pore at tip. Scales on belly smaller than those on side (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
浅灰褐色的上方, 颜色变化成下面银色的, 没有突出的横带。 下颌在顶端用孔有单个矮胖又像钉一样的触须。 比在侧边上的那些小的在腹面上的鳞片.(参考文献 26938)
Occurs usually in coastal waters over sandy and muddy bottoms; juveniles are abundant in the surf zone. Sometimes enters estuaries. Feeds mainly on worms and crustaceans. Excellent food fish (Ref. 26938).
通常生活在沙泥底上的沿岸水域; 稚鱼在海浪区中很丰富。 有时进入河口。 主要吃蠕虫与甲壳动物。 优良的食用鱼.(参考文献 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與墨西哥灣到 Rio Grande del Sur 巴西的大陸沿岸。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 22.5 - 27.7, mean 24.9 °C (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00497 - 0.01270), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm <4).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.8 [47.1, 161.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.977 [0.519, 1.751] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [19.5, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.195, 0.549] g/100g; Selenium = 20 [11, 39] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [4.2, 39.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.799 [0.572, 1.159] mg/100g (wet weight);
