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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); spectabile: spectabile meaning conspicuous (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 43°N - 30°N
North America: Lake Erie and Mississippi River basins from southeastern Michigan and Ohio to eastern Wyoming, and south to Tennessee and northern Texas in the USA; Gulf drainages (Trinity River to San Antonio River) of Texas, mostly on Edwards Plateau.
北美洲: 從東南方的密西根州與俄亥俄州到懷俄明州東部的伊利湖與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的田納西州與德克薩斯北部; 德克薩斯的海灣流域 (楚尼提河到聖安東尼奧河), 大部份在愛德華湖高地上。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.2 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 4.7 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Inhabit shallow gravel riffles, sometimes rocky runs and pools, of headwaters, creeks and small rivers (Ref. 5723); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Adults feed on midge and blackfly larvae, mayfly nymphs, isopods, amphipods, and caddisfly larvae (Ref. 10294). Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).
栖息于水浅的碎石激流, 有时多岩石的小支流与水潭, 河川源头,小溪与小河。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 從東南方的密西根州與俄亥俄州到懷俄明州東部的伊利湖與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的田納西州與德克薩斯北部; 德克薩斯的海灣流域 (楚尼提河到聖安東尼奧河), 大部份在愛德華湖高地上。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00301 - 0.01516), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=50-2,070).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).