分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pseudaspininae
Etymology: Rhynchocypris: Name from Greek 'rhingcho-' meaning rostral and 'cypris' or 'Kýpris' for the goddess Aphrodite (Peyman and Jalal, 2011).
More on author: Pallas.
Issue
Phoxinus percnurus mantschuricus is valid as Rhynchocypris mantschurica in CoF ver. 09 Jan 2024 (in Ref. 121075, 125537, 128913). .
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 15°C - 23°C (Ref. 12468); 75°N - 35°N, 35°E - 175°E
Eurasia: Widespread but highly disjunct range: lakes in Odra, Vistula, Dniepr, Volga (Oka and Kama systems) drainages, isolated localities in Middle Volga, lakes in Arctic Ocean (from Nothern Dvina to Kolyma drainages) and Pacific basins (from Amur to Korea and Japan).
歐洲: 德國與波蘭.(參考文獻 12255) 前蘇聯: 湖屬於流入北極海的所有河的流域, 從科力馬河而且向西遠達 Severnaya 德維納河。 亞洲: 在太平洋流域中只在河 Uda 與 Tugur 南方; 常見於阿穆爾河的流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 18.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 9.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 100.00 g (Ref. 1441)
Can be separated from Rhynchocypris czekanowskii by having male genital papilla not long and pointed, and body depth greater than or equal to caudal peduncle length (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults inhabit small lakes, shallow or isolated small bays of larger lakes, swamps, artificial ponds, with abundant vegetation, turbid water, with mud or clay bottom. They prefer to live in still water or slow current. Commonly found in shallows among vegetation in schools of 20-89 individuals. Can survive extreme low oxygen concentrations in summer and winter. Hibernate (in northern regions) during winter or remain inactive at temperatures close to 0°C. Feed on a wide variety of prey, from plankton to benthic animals. Globally not under threat, but some isolated relict populations in Middle Volga and Poland have already been extirpated, are declining or threatened. Several of these populations may possibly represent a distinct species, which, if confirmed, will significantly change the present conservation assessment (Ref. 59043).
在群游於雜草叢生的水域。 吃蠕蟲，甲殼動物，昆蟲幼生與昆蟲。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Embryonic development lasts 10-15 days (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 德國與波蘭.(參考文獻 12255) 前蘇聯: 湖屬於流入北極海的所有河的流域, 從科力馬河而且向西遠達 Severnaya 德維納河。 亞洲: 在太平洋流域中只在河 Uda 與 Tugur 南方; 常見於阿穆爾河的流域。
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00588 - 0.01866), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.2 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.23; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
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