Pseudotropheus livingstonii : aquarium

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相關魚種
- 魚種在
  Pseudotropheus
- 魚種在
  Cichlidae
- - 分類 -
- Pseudocrenilabrinae
- Cichlidae
- Cichliformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Pseudotropheus livingstonii (Boulenger, 1899)

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drawing shows typical species in Cichlidae.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) 鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) 慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Pseudotropheus: Greek, pseudes = false + Greek, tropaion = defeat, a memorial of a fighting war, trophy; because of their specialized teeth were such an obvious feeding adaptation (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: David Livingstone (1813–1873) was a Scottish doctor and missionary, and undoubtedly the most famous African explorer of all time. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水居於水底的; pH range: 8.0 - 9.0; dH range: 12 - 20; 深度上下限 2 - 50 m. 熱帶; 22°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060); 13°S - 15°S

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Africa: Lake Malawi (Ref. 119458), common in the southeastern and southwestern arms of the lake (Ref. 5684).
非洲: 馬拉威湖的特有種。出現於湖的東南方而西南方手臂。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5684)

簡短描述檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 17 - 19; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from all other members in Pseudotropheus, except P. crabro, P. demasoni, and P. saulosi, by the presence of five or fewer vertical bars below the dorsal fin; most Pseudotropheus species either have no bars or have greater than five below the dorsal fin (Ref. 119458). It is distinguished from P. crabro, P. demasoni, and P. saulosi by a pale yellow to hyaline dorsal fin vs. dorsal fin heavily pigmented with black (Ref. 119458).

Lives mainly over sand where it finds refuge in the empty shells of the gastropod, Lanistes nyassanus. Also found in intermediate habitats and rarely over rocks. Usually territorial over gastropod shells. When found away from its shell, it is usually solitary or in small groups of less than 5 individuals. Feeds from sand, taking epipelic algae (Ref. 6256).

主要地在沙子之上住在那裡它在腹足動物， Lanistes nyassanus 的空貝殼中的發現藏身處. 也發現於中間的棲息地與很少超過岩石。通常具有領域性腹足動物貝殼之上。當發現遠離它的貝殼, 它通常是獨居性或形成小群魚群少於 5個個體。從沙子覓食, 帶 epipelic 藻類。 (參考文獻 6256)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Females are mouthbrooders.非洲: 馬拉威湖的特有種。出現於湖的東南方而西南方手臂。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Kullander, Sven O. | 合作者

Stauffer, J.R. Jr., A.F. Konings and T.M. Ryan, 2016. Redescription of Pseudotropheus livingstonii and Pseudotropheus elegans from Lake Malawi, Africa. Zootaxa 4154(2):169-178. (Ref. 119458)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

無害處的

人類使用

水族館: 商業性

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00674 - 0.03099), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec<1000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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