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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro associati a barriera corallina; amfidromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). Tropical; 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm 23.0, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3287)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 2 - 6; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 41 - 46; Spine anali: 2; Raggi anali molli: 35 - 40; Vertebre: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.02124 - 0.03111), b=2.89 (2.84 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.6; Fec=1,692).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 15 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 125 [23, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 0.892 [0.342, 2.262] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.065, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [24.2, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.8 [6.4, 116.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.337, 1.944] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
