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Mobulidae - - Classification -
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| Native range |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Mobula munkiana AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pictures | Google image![Image of Mobula munkiana (Munk\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Momun_u0.jpg "Image of Mobula munkiana (Munk\")
Mobula munkiana
Picture by Wirtz, P.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Wirtz, P.
Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Walter Heinrich Munk (1917–2019) was an Austrian-born American oceanographer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Eponymy: Walter Heinrich Munk (1917–2019) was an Austrian-born American oceanographer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marino pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)
Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9256)
Max length : 220 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9256)
Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Main reference
Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Vulnerable (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Informazioni ulteriori
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Strumenti
E-book | Giuda pratica | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Classification Tree
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Special reports
Download XML
Fonti Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genere, Specie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, ricerca | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).