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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Paralonchurus: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, logchos = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). Tropical
Western Atlantic: Panama to southern Brazil. Reported in Yucatan, Mexico (Ref. 74908).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 15.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.7 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 125970); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 520.00 g (Ref. 125970)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11 - 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 29 - 30; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. Body silvery to yellowish, brown above, whitish below. Sides with 7 to 9 dark vertical bars extending to below lateral line. A large dark brown spot, larger than eye, behind upper end of gill slit. Mouth small, inferior, nearly horizontal. Chin with 5 pores and many barbels, 3 or 4 pairs in a tuft around median pore and 10 to 12 pairs along inner edges of lower jaw. Caudal fin asymmetrically rhomboidal with lower half pointed. Gas bladder well developed, much longer than head length, bearing anteriorly 2 pairs of appendages, anterior pair slit and horn-like, lateral pair long, tube-like, and extending posteriorly to tip of main chamber (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found over muddy bottoms, often near estuarine areas (Ref. 9626). Feeds mainly on worms (Ref. 3702). Marketed mostly fresh and salted (Ref. 3702).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 14 - 27.8, mean 24 °C (based on 564 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00705 - 0.00816), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 184 [108, 359] mg/100g; Iron = 1.18 [0.63, 2.04] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.129, 0.403] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [26.7, 89.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [8, 53] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [1.09, 2.12] mg/100g (wet weight);
