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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Mulloidichthys: Latin, mullus = soft + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 49 m (Ref. 9710), usually 0 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 33°N - 26°S, 98°W - 8°E
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida, USA to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: single record from Ile de Sào Tiago, Baie de Tarrafal, Cape Verde (Ref. 7313). Reported from São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 17.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.8 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 104752); common length : 28.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3792)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 8; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 6. Body pale tan with distinctive yellow stripe from eye to caudal fin; tail yellow. Less brightly colored than other species and is the only one with a single yellow stripe along side (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found over sandy areas of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Often in schools (Ref. 26938). Forms schools with the smallmouth grunt (Haemulon chrysargyreum), an association regarded as social protective mimicry (Ref. 52492). Juveniles are common in seagrass beds (Ref. 9710). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 7313). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3792).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.6 °C (based on 720 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00921 - 0.01191), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.4;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.6 [13.3, 56.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.508 [0.238, 0.895] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.126, 0.415] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [8.0, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [15.2, 179.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.768 [0.467, 1.155] mg/100g (wet weight);
