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Leucoraja - Species in
Rajidae - - Classification -
- Rajidae
- Rajiformes
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Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838)
Sandy ray
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| Native range |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Leucoraja circularis AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Leucoraja circularis
Picture by FAO
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Picture by FAO
Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 800 m (Ref. 106604). Temperate; 67°N - 27°N, 25°W - 37°E
Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic (Iceland, southern Norway, Skagerrak and Morocco) and the Mediterranean Sea.
Records as far south to Mauritania and Senegal could not be verified due to lacking descriptions and specimens; most are probably misidentifications of Leucoraja leucosticta.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4426); 117.0 cm TL (female); common length : 70.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4426)
Max length : 120 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4426); 117.0 cm TL (female); common length : 70.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4426)
Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0. Snout short, its tip somewhat pronounced; upper surface entirely spinulose, about 8 thorns generally in a complete row around inner margin of eye and a triangle of thorns on nape or shoulder region; underside with prickles only on snout, between gill-slits, along abdomen, and at anterior margins of disc; tail only slightly longer than body; upper surface reddish-brown to dark brown with 4-6 creamy spots on each wing, underside white (Ref. 3167).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Found in offshore shelf waters and on upper slope, mainly around the 100 m line (Ref. 3167). Depth range from 70-275 m (Ref. 03167), and from 463-676 m in eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 8.3-9.2 cm long and 4.6-5.3 cm wide (Ref. 41303, 41251, 41311). Maximum length for female is 117 cm (Ref. 41333).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). With no definite egg laying period (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
Main reference
Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : McEachran, John | Collaboratori
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Endangered (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 30 October 2014
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
FAO - pesca: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Informazioni ulteriori
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Strumenti
E-book | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Classification Tree
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Special reports
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Fonti Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genere, Specie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pesca: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Database Nazionali | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, ricerca | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7.5 - 14.2, mean 11.3 °C (based on 116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00166 - 0.00436), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 4.74 [0.63, 82.48] mg/100g; Iron = 0.236 [0.022, 2.817] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [13.8, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.712 [0.315, 1.677] g/100g; Selenium = 17.7 [3.6, 87.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.71 [0.36, 55.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.34 [0.02, 3.76] mg/100g (wet weight);