Pseudotolithus senegallus, Law croaker : fisheries, gamefish

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  Pseudotolithus
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  Sciaenidae
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Pseudotolithus senegallus (Cuvier, 1830)

Law croaker

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Native range

This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

Pseudotolithus senegallus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

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Image of Pseudotolithus senegallus (Law croaker)

Pseudotolithus senegallus
Picture by IGFA

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pseudotolithus: Greek, pseudes = false + greek, otos = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Issue
The species Pseudotolithus brachygnathus Bleeker, 1863 is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883) according to Afonso et al. (1999: Ref. 34088).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 150 m. Tropical; 16°N - 17°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) to Angola.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 30.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); common length : 85.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); max. published weight: 12.5 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 27. Diagnosis: body elongated; mouth short and large, chin without barbels; teeth fine (Ref. 5377). Dorsal with 10 spines in the first part; second part of dorsal fin with 1 spine and 25-27 soft rays; second anal spine about half the length of the 1st anal fin soft ray; pectoral fins short, about 18-20% SL; maxilla extending to posterior half of eye; 8-10/1/5-7 (total 14-18) gill rakers on 1st gill arch; gill rakers short, about as long as gill filament at angle between lower and upper part of gill arch (Ref. 81656).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Found over mud and sandy bottoms, enters coastal lagoons and estuaries. Feeds on small fish and crustaceans. Flesh highly appreciated; caught by artisanal fishers (Ref. 5377).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Sasaki, K., 1993. Corvina senegalla Cuvier, a senior synonym of Pseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) brachygnathus Bleeker (Sciaenidae: Periciformes). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(3):361-362. (Ref. 10077)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 17 March 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes

FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
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Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

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Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.6 - 27.9, mean 25.7 °C (based on 120 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00393 - 0.01162), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Assuming tmax>10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 41.2 [23.6, 80.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.685 [0.354, 1.204] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.2, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.192 [0.101, 0.334] g/100g; Selenium = 93.1 [48.1, 180.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.98 [3.25, 25.73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.818 [0.574, 1.190] mg/100g (wet weight);

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