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Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828)
Creole-fish
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Paranthias furcifer AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Paranthias: Greek, para = in the side of, near + Greek, anthis = a fish, Sparus aurata (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Etymology: Paranthias: Greek, para = in the side of, near + Greek, anthis = a fish, Sparus aurata (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Issue
Molecular studies by Craig & Hasting (2007: Ref. 83414) and Ma et al. (2018: Ref. 119507) placed this species in the genus Cephalopholis.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 8 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 10 - 66 m (Ref. 13442). Subtropical; 35°N - 28°S, 98°W - 10°E (Ref. 5222)
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and Gulf of Guinea islands of Principe, São Tomé, and Annobon. Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Campeche Bank, and throughout the Caribbean (except in northern Bahamas) to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2739)
Max length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2739)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 19; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Head short (less than 35% of SL) (Ref. 26938); head and body reddish brown, paler ventrally; bright orange-red spot at the upper end of the pectoral-fin base; 3 widely spaced white spots between lateral line and dorsal-fin base; 2 blue lines on the cheek, one approximately horizontal and tangential to the lower edge of the eye, other along the upper edge of maxilla and continued onto the lower part of the cheek; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; subangular preopercle, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Inhabits coral reefs and hard bottom areas. Observed in feeding aggregations well above the reef. Feeds mainly in midwater on zooplankton (copepods, pelagic tunicates, shrimps and shrimp larvae). Retreats instantly when alarmed (Ref. 9710).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 November 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; bait: usually
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree
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Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 704 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.22-0.28).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 29.3 [15.3, 61.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.617 [0.322, 1.132] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.227 [0.132, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.6, 31.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [35, 390] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.865 [0.557, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight);