FAMILY Details for Characidae - Characins; tetras

Family Characidae - Characins; tetras
Order	:	Characiformes
Class	:	Teleostei
No. in FishBase	:	Genera : 38 \| Species : 207 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment	:	Fresh : Yes \| Brackish : Yes \| Marine : No
Division	:	Primary freshwater
Aquarium	:	many
First Fossil Record	:	upper Tertiary upper Miocene	Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958
Remark	:	Distribution: Southwestern United States to northern Patagonia in Argentina Morphology: a large and diversified family. Adipose fin may be present or lacking. Genera Astyanax and Deuterodon with few species having an anteriorly directed spine-like process, protruding externally from the pelvic bone. Some are large species; many are under 3 cm with the smallest reaching a maximum size of about 13 mm. A comprehensive phylogenetic study is needed. The potentially dangerous Amazon piranhas (Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus) belong to this group as well as the South American tetras, and a blind cave fish from Mexico (Astyanax mexicanus). The African tetras are recognized in the separate family Alestiidae, following Eschmeyer 1998 (Ref. 26282). Glandulocaudinae: Fishes of the subfamily Glandulocaudinae have the following characteristics: In sexually mature males glandulocaudines bear a basal caudal-fin organ that is apparently pheromone in nature. This organ may consist of modified caudal-fin rays; modified caudal-fin scales, a derived hypural fan, and/or modified caudal-fin musculature. In species of some tribes and genera two to all of these derived features may be present. In males almost always some kind of derived glandular cells are present in association with large derived caudal-fin scales and/or modified fin rays. All species are inseminating in that the female is inseminated by the male and retains live sperm cells in her ovary, sometimes at least for many months. No fertilization of the oocytes takes place in the ovaries and presumably fertilization takes place when the eggs and sperm cells are shed at the same time. All species have elongate sperm cell bodies (nuclei) and, at least for the many species and genera for which current information is available, have sperm cells with an elongate cytoplasmic collar binding the flagellum to the elongate nucleus at least at some stage of spermiogenesis. There is one other inseminating group of characids, the tribe Compsurini of the subfamily Cheirodontinae has inseminating species and also often complex caudal organs in the male. These caudal organs are structured differently than those found in the Glandulocaudinae and the histology and fine structure of the sperm cells of the Compsurini are not structured the same way as in the glandulocaudines. Furthermore there is evidence that the Compsurini forms a derived clade within the Cheirodontinae. See Burns et al. (1995), Burns et al. (1997), Burns, et al. (1998), Burns et al. (2000), Malabarba (1998), Menezes & Weitzman (1990), Weitzman & Fink (1985), Weitzman et al. (1994), and Weitzman & Menezes (1998). The Glandulocaudinae is a morphologically diverse characid group consisting of 19 genera divided among seven tribes, each derived in a different way. The number of valid species currently recognized is 50. Most glandulocaudine fishes are relatively small, between about 30 and 60 millimeters in standard length, but some are considerably smaller, between about 11 and 30 millimeters in standard length when mature. See Weitzman & Fink (1985), Weitzman et al. (1994), and Weitzman & Menezes (1998). Glandulocaudine species are found almost throughout Central and South America, from Costa Rica in the north, southward to northern Argentina in the south. They are found in every country, including Trinidad, except Chile. The ecology and life history of glandulocaudines is complex, but so far little studied. Many occur in small to modest sized streams tributary to larger rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco and Paraguay Rivers. Nearly all glandulocaudines are tropical in distribution with a few being subtropical and are known from coastal streams of Central and South America tributary to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Caribbean Sea. A few species are known from elevations as high as about 500 to 600 meters, but most occur at elevations considerably below that, down to sea level. Some species are confined to acid black rainforest waters with an acidic pH, others are found in neutral to somewhat alkaline waters that are clear or seasonally turbid due to sediment load. A few species are adapted to both kinds of waters. No species are known from brackish waters of coastal lagoons or river mouths under the influence of tides. The courtship behaviors of those species and genera that have been studied in detail using scientific procedures have been described as having complicated courtship procedures preceeding insemination. Aquarists have published many articles about the behavior of glandulocaudines maintained in aquaria during the last 90 years. These articles describe in varying detail the complex courtship activities of many glandulocaudine species and genera. This literature was last evaluated by Nelson (1964). Personal observations and see also Azevedo et al. (2000), Nelson (1964a, b, & c), Weitzman & Fink (1985), Weitzman (1987), Weitzman et al. (1994). Although 50 species are currently recognized, there are many undescribed species represented by population samples in museums that await descriptions. Each of the seven tribes appears monophyletic although additional studies are needed to confirm this for a few of these tribes. On the other hand the validity of the monophyly of the subfamily needs much further investigation. A few outgroup inseminating characids lack a caudal organ, but have some of the other glandulocaudine synapomorphies that were reported recently by Weitzman & Menezes (1998). It may well be that at least some of the glandulocaudine tribes are independently derived from plesiomorphic extinct relatives of these outgroup characids such as the species of Brittanichthys, some species of Knodus and Attonitus. See Burns et al. (2000). Members of this subfamily form food for larger fishes that are important for both commercial and subsistence reasons in the rivers of Central and South America. Several species are moderately important for the aquarium trade and are exported especially from Brazil and Venezuela. The Iguanodectinae is a small characid subfamily composed of 11 valid species in 2 genera, Iguanodectes Cope and Piabucus Oken. The subfamily is characterized by elongated fishes, with contracted base multicuspidated teeth, gill-membranes united and free from the isthmus, posterior end of the maxilla anterior to the eye, dorsal-fin origin posterior to the middle of the body (at middle of the body in Iguanodectes geisleri), and anal fin long (except for I. geisleri). Moreover, some characters of the internal morphology are also diagnostic, such as, the presence of a process on the internal face of the dentary, the first proximal anal-fin pterygiophore expanded and backward recurved (except in I. geisleri), and the anterior portion of the posterior chamber of the swimbladder thinner than its posterior portion. The genus Piabucus distinguishes from Iguanodectes by the presence of a long pectoral fin, and a well-developed pectoral keel. The subfamily is distributed in the Amazon (including its main tributaries), Orinoco, Paraguay, and Tocantins river basins, as well as the costal drainages from the Golfo de Pária (Venezuela) to immediately south of the mouth of the Amazon river (including rio Capim basin). The group is relatively well studied taxonomically (Böhlke,1954; Géry, 1970 and 1993; Vari, 1977), although some species remain to be described. Despite of some characters proposed as supporting the monophyly of the Iguanodectinae (Vari, 1977), the phylogenetic relationships of the Iguanodectinae with other groups of the Characiformes are still very tentative (Lucena, 1993), and none is known about the phylogenetic relationships between its species. Iguanodectes species are probably primarily herbivorous, feeding occasionally on allocthonous insects (Knöppel, 1970; Goulding et al. 1988; pers. obs.). Besides that, little information is known from their ecology. Some of its species are used as ornamental fishes. Note that Characidiinae, and Crenuchus and Poecilocharax are gathered in Crenuchidae, the two latter as the subfamily Crenuchinae since Buckup (1998: Ref. 040622) and in Buckup (2003: Ref. 37059). The description above
Etymology	:	Greek charax, -akos = a marine fish without identification ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild	:	mixed
Typical activity level	:	normal
Main Ref.	:	Nelson, J.S. 1994
Coordinator	:
Deep Fin Classification	:	Osteichthyes \| Actinopterygii \| Actinopteri \| Neopterygii \| Teleostei \| Osteoglossocephalai \| Clupeocephala \| Otomorpha \| Ostariophysi \| \| Otophysa \| \| \| \| \| \| Characiphysae \| Characiformes \| Characoidei \| \| Characidae

Species/Synonymy list for the family Characidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

When subfamilies are recognized, nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order.
Type genus of the family first (or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized) then other genera by chronological order of description (and alphabetical order).
Type species of the genus first by chronological order (and alphabetical order), with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font.
! Marks misspellings of the species names that must not be used.

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

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Scientifc name	Status	Senior/Junior synonym	Combination
Characinae
Charax gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)	accepted	senior	new
Salmo gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus gibbosus Valenciennes, 1850	synonym	junior	original
Epicyrtus macrolepis (non Kner, 1858)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Charax macrolepis (Kner, 1858)	accepted	senior	new
Epicyrtus macrolepis Kner, 1858	synonym	senior	original
Charax pauciradiatus (Günther, 1864)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus pauciradiatus Günther, 1864	synonym	senior	original
Charax tectifer (Cope, 1870)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus tectifer Cope, 1870	synonym	senior	original
Moralesia tectifer (Cope, 1870)	synonym	senior	new
Hydrolycus copei Gill, 1870	synonym	junior	original
Charax copei (Gill, 1870)	synonym	junior	new
Anacyrtus sanguineus Cope, 1872	synonym	junior	original
Charax stenopterus (Cope, 1894)	accepted	senior	new
Asiphonichthys stenopterus Cope, 1894	synonym	senior	original
Charax hemigrammus (Eigenmann, 1912)	accepted	senior	new
Asiphonichthys hemigrammus Eigenmann, 1912	synonym	senior	original
Charax rupununi Eigenmann, 1912	accepted	senior	original
Charax metae Eigenmann, 1922	accepted	senior	original
Charax condei (Géry & Knöppel, 1976)	accepted	senior	new
Asiphonichthys condei Géry & Knöppel, 1976	synonym	senior	original
Charax apurensis Lucena, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Charax caudimaculatus Lucena, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Charax leticiae Lucena, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Charax notulatus Lucena, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Charax michaeli Lucena, 1989	accepted	senior	original
Charax niger Lucena, 1989	accepted	senior	original
Charax unimaculatus Lucena, 1989	accepted	senior	original
Charax delimai Menezes & Lucena, 2014	accepted	senior	original
Charax awa Guimarães, Brito, Ferreira & Ottoni, 2018	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes, 1836)	accepted	senior	new
Hydrocyon argenteum Valenciennes, 1836	synonym	senior	original
Characinus squamosus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903	synonym	junior	original
Charax caliurus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1907	synonym	junior	original
Cynopotamus caliurus (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1907)	synonym	junior	new
Cynopotamus amazonum (Günther, 1868)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus amazonum Günther, 1868	synonym	senior	original
! Cynopotamus amazonus (Günther, 1868)	synonym	senior	new
Anacrytus limaesquamis Cope, 1878	synonym	junior	original
Cynopotamus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879	synonym	senior	original
Cyrtocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879)	synonym	senior	new
Cynopotamus atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1907)	accepted	senior	new
Charax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus bipunctatus Pellegrin, 1909	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus essequibensis Eigenmann, 1912	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus venezuelae (Schultz, 1944)	accepted	senior	new
Cyrtocharax magdalenae venezuelae Schultz, 1944	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus kincaidi (Schultz, 1950)	accepted	senior	new
Cyrtocharax kincaidi Schultz, 1950	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus gouldingi Menezes, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus juruenae Menezes, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus tocantinensis Menezes, 1987	accepted	senior	original
Cynopotamus xinguano Menezes, 2007	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides microlepis (Reinhardt, 1851)	accepted	senior	new
Epicyrtus microlepis Reinhardt, 1851	synonym	senior	original
! Epycirtus microlepis Reinhardt, 1851	synonym	senior	original
Epicyrtus microlepis Kner, 1858	ambiguous	homonym	original
Anacyrtus bonariensis Steindachner, 1879	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides bonariensis (Steindachner, 1879)	synonym	junior	new
Roeboides xenodon (Reinhardt, 1851)	accepted	senior	new
Epicyrtus xenodon Reinhardt, 1851	synonym	senior	original
! Raeboides francisci Steindachner, 1908	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides francisci Steindachner, 1908	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides guatemalensis (Günther, 1864)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus guatemalensis Günther, 1864	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides bouchellei (non Fowler, 1923)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Roeboides affinis (Günther, 1868)	provisionally accepted	homonym	new
Anacyrtus affinis Günther, 1868	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides bicornis Cope, 1870	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides thurni Eigenmann, 1912	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870	accepted	senior	original
Raeboides myersii Gill, 1870	synonym	senior	original
! Roeboides myersi Gill, 1870	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides rubrivertex Cope, 1872	synonym	junior	original
Charax hasemani Steindachner, 1915	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides dayi (Steindachner, 1878)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus dayi Steindachner, 1878	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides dayi dayi (Steindachner, 1878)	synonym	senior	new
Roeboides caucae Eigenmann, 1922	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides magdalenae Eigenmann, 1922	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides meeki Eigenmann, 1922	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides romeroi Fowler, 1941	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides dayi dientonito (non Schultz, 1944)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Roeboides biserialis (Garman, 1890)	accepted	senior	new
Cynopotamus biserialis Garman, 1890	synonym	senior	original
Eucynopotamus biserialis (Garman, 1890)	synonym	senior	new
Roeboides prognathus (Boulenger, 1895)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus prognathus Boulenger, 1895	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides occidentalis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916	accepted	senior	original
! Roeboides ocidentalis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides hildebrandi Eigenmann, 1922	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides bouchellei Fowler, 1923	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides salvadoris Hildebrand, 1925	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides descalvadensis Fowler, 1932	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides paranensis Pignalberi, 1975	synonym	junior	original
Roeboides dientonito Schultz, 1944	accepted	senior	change in rank
Roeboides dayi dientonito Schultz, 1944	synonym	senior	original
Roeboides ilseae Bussing, 1986	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides carti Lucena, 2000	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides numerosus Lucena, 2000	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides oligistos Lucena, 2000	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides dispar Lucena, 2001	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides araguaito Lucena, 2003	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides margareteae Lucena, 2003	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides sazimai Lucena, 2007	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides loftini Lucena, 2011	accepted	senior	original
Roeboides bussingi Matamoros, Chakrabarty, Angulo, Garita-Alvarado & McMahan, 2013	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster pectinata (Cope, 1870)	accepted	senior	new
! Tetragonopterus pectinatus Cope, 1870	synonym	senior	original
! Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope, 1870)	synonym	senior	new
Tetragonopterus tabatingae Steindachner, 1876	synonym	junior	original
Tetragonopterus bairdii Steindachner, 1882	synonym	junior	original
Phenacogaster megalostictus Eigenmann, 1909	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann, 1909	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann, 1911	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann, 1911	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster tegatus (Eigenmann, 1911)	accepted	senior	new
Vesicatrus tegatus Eigenmann, 1911	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster carteri (Norman, 1934)	accepted	senior	new
Vesicatrus carteri Norman, 1934	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster suborbitalis Ahl, 1936	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster calverti (Fowler, 1941)	accepted	senior	new
Grammabrycon calverti Fowler, 1941	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster jancupa Malabarba & Lucena, 1995	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster apletostigma Lucena & Gama, 2007	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster capitulata Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
! Phenacogaster capitulatus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster maculoblonga Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
! Phenacogaster maculoblongus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster napoatilis Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster ojitata Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
! Phenacogaster ojitatus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster prolata Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
! Phenacogaster prolatus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster retropinnus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster simulata Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	accepted	senior	original
! Phenacogaster simulatus Lucena & Malabarba, 2010	synonym	senior	original
Phenacogaster wayampi Le Bail & Lucena, 2010	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster wayana Le Bail & Lucena, 2010	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster lucenae Souza, Mattox, Vita, Ochoa, Melo & Oliveira, 2023	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster guayupe Romero-Figueroa & Carvalho, 2024	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster nukak Romero-Figueroa & Carvalho, 2024	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster tukano Romero-Figueroa & Carvalho, 2024	accepted	senior	original
Phenacogaster yari Romero-Figueroa & Carvalho, 2024	accepted	senior	original
Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner, 1880)	accepted	senior	new
Xiphorhamphus anomalus Steindachner, 1880	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus anomalus (Steindachner, 1880)	synonym	senior	new
Acestrocephalus sardina (Fowler, 1913)	accepted	senior	new
Charax sardina Fowler, 1913	synonym	senior	original
Cynopotamus sardina (Fowler, 1913)	synonym	senior	new
Acestrocephalus ginesi Lasso & Taphorn, 2000	synonym	junior	original
Acestrocephalus boehlkei Menezes, 1977	accepted	senior	original
! Acestrocephalus bohlkei Menezes, 1977	synonym	senior	original
Acestrocephalus acutus Menezes, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Acestrocephalus maculosus Menezes, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus Menezes, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Acestrocephalus pallidus Menezes, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Acestrocephalus stigmatus Menezes, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870)	accepted	senior	new
Cynopotamus gulo Cope, 1870	synonym	senior	original
Charax goeldii Fowler, 1913	synonym	junior	original
Cynopotamus goeldii (Fowler, 1913)	synonym	junior	new
Galeocharax humeralis (Valenciennes, 1834)	accepted	senior	new
Hydrocyon humeralis Valenciennes, 1834	synonym	senior	original
Galeocharax knerii (Steindachner, 1879)	accepted	senior	new
Anacyrtus knerii Steindachner, 1879	synonym	senior	original
Acanthocharax microlepis Eigenmann, 1912	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon melanotus (Eigenmann, 1912)	accepted	senior	new
Aphyocharax melanotus Eigenmann, 1912	synonym	senior	original
Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke, 1953	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke, 1953	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon elongatus Géry, 1973	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon geisleri Géry, 1973	accepted	senior	original
Microschemobrycon meyburgi Meinken, 1975	accepted	senior	original
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharacinae
Aphyocharax pusillus Günther, 1868	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax alburnus (Günther, 1869)	accepted	senior	new
Chirodon alburnus Günther, 1869	synonym	senior	original
Aphyocharax avary Fowler, 1913	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax agassizii (Steindachner, 1882)	accepted	senior	new
Chirodon agassizii Steindachner, 1882	synonym	senior	original
Aphyocharax nattereri (Steindachner, 1882)	accepted	senior	new
Chirodon nattereri Steindachner, 1882	synonym	senior	original
Chirodon pulcher Steindachner, 1882	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon steindachneri Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1891	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903	accepted	senior	original
Phoxinopsis typicus Regan, 1907	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax rubropinnis Pappenheim, 1922	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax affinis Ahl, 1923	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax ipacarayensis Ahl, 1923	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax pappenheimi Ahl, 1923	synonym	junior	original
Notropocharax difficilis Marini, Nichols & La Monte, 1933	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax nasutus Ahl, 1936	synonym	junior	original
Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann, 1907	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax stramineus Eigenmann, 1907	synonym	junior	original
Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann, 1907)	synonym	junior	new
Aphyocharax erythrurus Eigenmann, 1912	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax gracilis Fowler, 1940	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax colifax Taphorn & Thomerson, 1991	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharax yekwanae Willink, Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2003	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocharacidium melandetum (Eigenmann, 1912)	accepted	senior	new
Odontostilbe melandetus Eigenmann, 1912	synonym	senior	original
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum Géry, 1973	accepted	senior	original
Paragoniates alburnus Steindachner, 1876	accepted	senior	original
Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887	accepted	senior	original
Prionobrama filigera (Cope, 1870)	accepted	senior	new
Aphyocharax filigerus Cope, 1870	synonym	senior	original
Prionobrama madeirae Fowler, 1913	synonym	junior	original
Bleptonema amazonae Eigenmann, 1914	synonym	junior	original
Prionobrama amazonae (Eigenmann, 1914)	synonym	junior	new
Aphyocharax analis Nichols, 1915	synonym	junior	original
Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann, 1914)	accepted	senior	new
Bleptonema paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1914	synonym	senior	original
Phenagoniates macrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)	accepted	senior	new
Roeboides macrolepis Meek & Hildebrand, 1913	synonym	senior	original
Phenagoniates wilsoni Eigenmann, 1914	synonym	junior	original
Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942	accepted	senior	original
Cyanogaster geisleri (Zarske & Géry, 2007)	accepted	senior	new
Hemigrammus geisleri Zarske & Géry, 2007	synonym	senior	original
Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, 2013	accepted	senior	original
Amazonichthys lindeae (Géry, 1973)	accepted	senior	new
Axelrodia lindeae Géry, 1973	synonym	senior	original
Amazonichthys camelierae Esguícero & Mendonça, 2023	accepted	senior	original
Axelrodia lindeae (non Géry, 1973)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Amazonichthys lu Esguícero & Mendonça, 2023	accepted	senior	original
Axelrodia lindeae (non Géry, 1973)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Cheirodontinae
Cheirodon pisciculus Girard, 1855	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon annae McAtee, 1903	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon interruptus (Jenyns, 1842)	accepted	senior	new
Tetragonopterus interruptus Jenyns, 1842	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon interruptus interruptus (Jenyns, 1842)	synonym	senior	new
! Chirodon monodon Cope, 1894	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon monodon Cope, 1894	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon meinkeni Ahl, 1928	synonym	junior	original
Hyphessobrycon nigrifrons Ahl, 1936	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon leuciscus Ahl, 1936	synonym	junior	original
Pedalibrycon felipponei Fowler, 1943	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon felipponei (Fowler, 1943)	synonym	junior	new
Odontostilbe felipponei (Fowler, 1943)	synonym	junior	new
Cheirodon ibicuhiensis Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	change in rank
Cheirodon interruptus ibicuhiensis Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon parahybae Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon australe Eigenmann, 1928	accepted	senior	original
! Cheirodon galusdae Eigenmann, 1928	provisionally accepted	senior	original
! Cheirodon galusdai Eigenmann, 1928	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon jaguaribensis Fowler, 1941	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon luelingi Géry, 1964	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon ortegai Vari & Géry, 1980	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon kiliani Campos, 1982	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodontops geayi Schultz, 1944	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe fugitiva Cope, 1870	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon fugitiva (Cope, 1870)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe drepanon Fowler, 1913	synonym	junior	original
Odontostilbe madeirae Fowler, 1913	synonym	junior	original
Odontostilbe caquetae Fowler, 1943	synonym	junior	original
Deuterodon euspilurus (non Fowler, 1945)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Odontostilbe pulchra (Gill, 1858)	accepted	senior	new
Poecilurichthys pulcher Gill, 1858	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon pulcher (Gill, 1858)	synonym	senior	new
Tetragonopterus pulcher (Gill, 1858)	synonym	senior	new
! Chirodon pulcher (Gill, 1858)	synonym	senior	new
! Odontostilbe pulcher (Gill, 1858)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882)	accepted	senior	new
Chirodon pequira Steindachner, 1882	synonym	senior	original
Holoshesthes pequira (Steindachner, 1882)	synonym	senior	new
! Holoshestes pequira (Steindachner, 1882)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe trementinae Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903	synonym	junior	original
Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe microcephala Eigenmann, 1907	accepted	senior	original
! Odontostilbe microcephalus Eigenmann, 1907	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe stenodon (Eigenmann, 1915)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon stenodon Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe dierythrura Fowler, 1940	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe hasemani Fowler, 1940	synonym	junior	original
Odontostilbe euspilurus (Fowler, 1945)	accepted	senior	new
Deuterodon euspilurus Fowler, 1945	synonym	senior	original
Lobodeuterodon euspilurus (Fowler, 1945)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe littoris (Géry, 1960)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon gracilis littoris Géry, 1960	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe roloffi Géry, 1972	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe dialeptura (Fink & Weitzman, 1974)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon dialepturus Fink & Weitzman, 1974	synonym	senior	original
Compsura dialeptura (Fink & Weitzman, 1974)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe mitoptera (Fink & Weitzman, 1974)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon mitopterus Fink & Weitzman, 1974	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe mitopterus (Fink & Weitzman, 1974)	synonym	senior	new
Odontostilbe ecuadorensis Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe nareuda Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe parecis Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2006	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe pao Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2007	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe splendida Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2007	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe avanhandava Chuctaya, Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2018	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe weitzmani Chuctaya, Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2018	accepted	senior	original
Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	original
Compsura heterura Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon heterura (Eigenmann, 1915)	synonym	senior	new
Compsura gorgonae (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1909)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon gorgonae Evermann & Goldsborough, 1909	synonym	senior	original
Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915	accepted	senior	original
Macropsobrycon xinguensis Géry, 1973	accepted	senior	original
Pseudocheirodon arnoldi (Boulenger, 1909)	accepted	senior	new
! Chirodon arnoldi Boulenger, 1909	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon arnoldi Boulenger, 1909	synonym	senior	original
Pseudocheirodon affinis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916	synonym	junior	original
Cheirodon affinis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1916)	synonym	junior	new
Pseudocheirodon terrabae Bussing, 1967	accepted	senior	original
Cheirodon terrabae (Bussing, 1967)	synonym	senior	new
Prodontocharax melanotus Pearson, 1924	accepted	senior	original
Prodontocharax howesi (Fowler, 1940)	accepted	senior	new
Amblystilbe howesi Fowler, 1940	synonym	senior	original
Prodontocharax alleni Böhlke, 1953	accepted	senior	original
Saccoderma melanostigma Schultz, 1944	accepted	senior	original
Odontostilbe hastata (non Eigenmann, 1913)	misapplied	misapplied	misapplied
Saccoderma hastata (non Eigenmann, 1913)	misapplied	misapplied	new
Saccoderma hastata (Eigenmann, 1913)	accepted	senior	new
Odontostilbe hastatus Eigenmann, 1913	synonym	senior	original
Saccoderma hastatus (Eigenmann, 1913)	synonym	senior	new
Saccoderma robusta Dahl, 1955	accepted	senior	original
Heterocheirodon yatai (Casciotta, Miquelarena & Protogino, 1992)	accepted	senior	new
Odontostilbe yatai Casciotta, Miquelarena & Protogino, 1992	synonym	senior	original
Heterocheirodon jacuiensis Malabarba & Bertaco, 1999	accepted	senior	original
Nanocheirodon insignis (Steindachner, 1880)	accepted	senior	new
! Chirodon insignis Steindachner, 1880	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon insignis Steindachner, 1880	synonym	senior	original
Serrapinnus piaba (Lütken, 1875)	accepted	senior	new
! Chirodon piaba Lütken, 1875	synonym	senior	original
Cheirodon piaba Lütken, 1875	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe piaba (Lütken, 1875)	synonym	senior	new
Cheirodon macropterus Fowler, 1941	ambiguous	questionable	original
Chirodon calliurus (non Boulenger, 1900)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Cheirodon micropterus (non Eigenmann, 1907)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Serrapinnus calliurus (Boulenger, 1900)	accepted	senior	new
Chirodon calliurus Boulenger, 1900	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe calliura (Boulenger, 1900)	synonym	senior	new
Serrapinnus micropterus (Eigenmann, 1907)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon micropterus Eigenmann, 1907	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe micropterus (Eigenmann, 1907)	synonym	senior	new
Cheirodon madeirae Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	junior	original
Odontostilbe madeirae (Eigenmann, 1915)	ambiguous	homonym	new
Serrapinnus heterodon (Eigenmann, 1915)	accepted	senior	new
Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
! Holoshesthes heterodon Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe iheringi Fowler, 1941	synonym	junior	original
Serrapinnus microdon (Eigenmann, 1915)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon microdon Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe microdon (Eigenmann, 1915)	synonym	senior	new
Serrapinnus notomelas (Eigenmann, 1915)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon notomelas Eigenmann, 1915	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe notomelas (Eigenmann, 1915)	synonym	senior	new
Serrapinnus kriegi (Schindler, 1937)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon kriegi Schindler, 1937	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe kriegi (Schindler, 1937)	synonym	senior	new
Serrapinnus gracilis (Géry, 1960)	accepted	senior	new
Cheirodon gracilis Géry, 1960	synonym	senior	original
Odontostilbe gracilis (Géry, 1960)	synonym	senior	new
Serrapinnus sterbai Zarske, 2012	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus aster Malabarba & Jerep, 2014	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus lucindai Jerep & Malabarba, 2014	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus potiguar Jerep & Malabarba, 2014	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus tocantinensis Malabarba & Jerep, 2014	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus zanatae Jerep, Camelier & Malabarba, 2016	accepted	senior	original
Serrapinnus malabarbai Jerep, Dagosta & Ohara, 2018	accepted	senior	original
Acinocheirodon melanogramma Malabarba & Weitzman, 1999	accepted	senior	original
Kolpotocheirodon theloura Malabarba & Weitzman, 2000	accepted	senior	original
Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi Malabarba, Lima & Weitzman, 2004	accepted	senior	original
Ctenocheirodon pristis Malabarba & Jerep, 2012	accepted	senior	original
Protocheirodon pi (Vari, 1978)	accepted	senior	new
Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978	synonym	senior	original
Exodontinae
Exodon paradoxus Müller & Troschel, 1844	accepted	senior	original
Hystricodon paradoxus (Müller & Troschel, 1845)	synonym	senior	new
Epicyrtus exodon Valenciennes, 1850	synonym	junior	original
Roeboexodon guyanensis (Puyo, 1948)	accepted	senior	new
Exodon guyanensis Puyo, 1948	synonym	senior	original
Roeboexodon geryi (non Myers, 1960)	misapplied	misapplied	original
Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960	accepted	senior	original
Bryconexodon juruenae Géry, 1980	accepted	senior	original
Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1991	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterinae
Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus sawa Castelnau, 1855	synonym	junior	original
Tetragonopterus huberi Steindachner, 1909	synonym	junior	original
Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix & Agassiz, 1829	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus signatus Burmeister, 1861	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus daguae (Eigenmann, 1913)	accepted	senior	new
Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913	synonym	senior	original
Tetragonopterus georgiae (Géry, 1965)	accepted	senior	new
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry, 1965	synonym	senior	original
Tetragonopterus rarus (Zarske, Géry & Isbrücker, 2004)	accepted	senior	new
Moenkhausia rara Zarske, Géry & Isbrücker, 2004	synonym	senior	original
Tetragonopterus lemniscatus Benine, Pelição & Vari, 2004	synonym	junior	original
Tetragonopterus anostomus Silva & Benine, 2011	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus akamai Araujo & Lucinda, 2014	synonym	junior	original
Tetragonopterus carvalhoi Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2011	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus denticulatus Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus franciscoensis Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2016	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus juruena Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2016	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus kuluene Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2016	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus ommatus Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2016	accepted	senior	original
Tetragonopterus manaos Urbanski, Melo, Silva & Benine, 2018	accepted	senior	original

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