Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 0 - 680 m (Ref. 50610). Deep-water; 62°N - 36°N, 127°E - 121°W
North Pacific: Japan and Bering Sea to Monterey Bay in California, USA.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 12.3 cm
Max length : 183 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. published weight: 91.0 kg (Ref. 2850)
Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 10 - 12. Body stout. Head round on dorsal profile. Dorsal fin separated by a space less than eye diameter. anal fin without a distinct spine. Young fish with striking white blotches on body. Color changes to dark gray.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit deep rocky bottoms offshore (Ref. 6885). Juveniles associated with drifting seaweed (Ref. 12114, 12115).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Hart, J.L., 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.8 - 7, mean 4.1 °C (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01099 - 0.03305), b=2.99 (2.83 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [6.5, 26.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.376 [0.187, 0.758] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.9, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.466 [0.207, 1.313] g/100g; Selenium = 25.7 [11.3, 64.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.71 [2.11, 43.35] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.244 [0.166, 0.375] mg/100g (wet weight);