Cephalopholis boenak, Chocolate hind : fisheries, aquarium

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  Cephalopholis
- Species in
  Epinephelidae
- - Classification -
- Epinephelidae
- Perciformes/Serranoidei
- Teleostei
- Chordata
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Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790)

Chocolate hind

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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050

This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

Cephalopholis boenak AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

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Image of Cephalopholis boenak (Chocolate hind)

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Cephalopholis: Greek, kephale = head + Greek, pholis = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino asociado a arrecife; no migratorio; rango de profundidad 1 - 64 m, usually 4 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S, 29°E - 171°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Kenya to southern Mozambique eastward to the western Pacific. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Not reported from oceanic islands in the Indian Ocean, except for Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and from the islands of Micronesia except for Palau. Record from Rodriguez by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) could not be verified and is probably erroneous (Ref. 33390).

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 12.2, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 48635); edad máxima reportada: 11 años (Ref. 45317)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 9; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 15 - 17; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. Brownish to greenish grey with dusky vertical bands over the body. White margins and black sub-margins on the median fins (Ref. 48635). Preopercle rounded, very finely serrate; no enlarged spines at angle, lower edge fleshy; characterized further by having ctenoid scales on body including abdomen; greatest depth of body 2.6-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins not usually reaching anus, 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).

Mainly a coastal species (Ref. 48635). Inhabits silty dead reefs in protected waters. May also be seen on live coral (Ref. 089707). Secretive (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 30531) and crustaceans (Ref. 089707). Courtship and pair spawning were observed by Donaldson (1989, Ref. 6900). Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 45317).

Life cycle and mating behavior Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: pesquerías de subsistencia; Acuario: Comercial

FAO - pesquerías: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Food rations
Despredadores

Ecology
Ecología

Population dynamics
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamiento
Abundancia

Life cycle
Reproducción
Madurez
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Spawning aggregations
Huevos
Egg development
Larva
Dinámica larvaria

Distribution
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Anatomy
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Physiology
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Nutrients
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Visual pigments
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Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
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Heterozygosity
heritabilidad

Human related
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Nombres comunes
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References
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Summary page | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | Photos

Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1414 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01055 - 0.01573), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm=1-2).

Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 58.7 [34.2, 104.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.613 [0.351, 1.150] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.110, 0.277] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [19.2, 60.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 169 [64, 524] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.610, 1.373] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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