Atlantic herring
| Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 | ||||
| Family: | Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens) |
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| Order: | Clupeiformes | |||
| Class: | Teleostei | |||
| English name: | Atlantic herring | |||
| Distribution: | North Atlantic: in the west, it ranges from southwestern Greenland and Labrador southward to South Carolina, USA. In the east, it ranges from Iceland and southern Greenland southward to the northern Bay of Biscay and eastward to Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya in Russia, including the Baltic Sea (Ref. 188). | |||
| Adult biology: | Herring schools move between spawning and wintering grounds in coastal areas and feeding grounds in open water by following migration patterns learned from earlier year classes (Ref. 88171). Juveniles (up to 2 years) shoal close inshore, while adults are found more offshore (Ref. 6683). Adults spend the day in deeper water, but rise to shallower water at night (Ref. 89562). Light is an important factor in controlling their vertical distribution. A facultative zooplanktivorous filter-feeder, i.e., it can switch to filter-feeding if the food density and particle size are appropriate (Ref. 28664). Feed mainly on copepods finding food by visual sense. Herring schools often attract predators such as fish, birds, and marine mammals (Ref. 89563). Schooling, silvery sides, excellent hearing (capable of detecting frequencies between 30-4,000 Hz , Refs. 89391, 89564, 89566), and very fast escape response act as anti-predator devices (Ref. 28664). The most important races in the East Atlantic are the winter-spawning Norwegian and Icelandic herring, the autumn spawning Icelandic and North Sea herring and the Baltic Sea herring. Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). | |||
| Diagnosis: | In general in northern areas, post larvae will be most abundant in late spring and summer, while in the south they will predominate during the late winter and early spring (Ref. 37). Pigmentation: Body transparent, pigment increased in density in region of anus and below pectorals. Sequence of fin development: dorsal (10.5 mm); anal (16-29 mm).. See also LARVAE table. | |||
| Climate Zone: | temperate; 1 - 18°C; 80°N - 33°N | |||
| Main Ref: | Russell, F.S.. 1976. (Ref. 37) | |||
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| Modified by: Luna, Susan M. |
Entered by: Froese, Rainer |
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